Ubuntu Linux Commands:
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Show version:
cat /etc/lsb-release
cat /etc/os-release
lsb_release -a

Update local package versions available database then upgrade installed packages:
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Install package:
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sudo apt-get install (package)
Example:
sudo apt-get install vlc

show installed packages
-------------------------
sudo dpkg -l






Other:
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sudo apt-get install software-center

To run software center (not as root):
gksu software-center

List all installed packages (not as root):
dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall

List all available packages (as root):
apt-get install dctrl-tools
grep-available -s Package . |sort |more

Find packages containing <search>:
apt-cache search <search>

Find packages containing <search>:
dpkg -l *<search>*

Show description of package <package>:
apt-cache show <package>

Install ssh client:
sudo apt-get install openssh-client

Install ssh client and server:
sudo apt-get install ssh

Install rsync:
sudo apt-get install rsync

aptitude package manager:
sudo apt-get install aptitude









OLD:
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Updating the Ubuntu OS:
sudo -S apt-mark hold procps strace sudo
sudo -S env RELEASE_UPGRADER_NO_SCREEN=1 do-release-upgrade

Ubuntu Versions:
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Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
 Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander)
 Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail)
 Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)
Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin)
 Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS (Lucid Lynx)